Summer in Australia means more time outdoors, from beach days and sport to long afternoons in the sun. With Australia having some of the highest UV levels in the world, particularly during summer, protecting your skin is essential for long-term health.
In this article, Dr Bejoy Machumpurath, an accredited full-time skin cancer doctor consulting at Eastbound Clinic, shares his advice on sun safety, skin cancer risk, and the importance of regular skin checks.
Why is sun safety so important in Australia?
Australia’s UV levels are among the highest globally, and they rise significantly during summer. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation increases the risk of skin damage and skin cancer, making sun protection a critical part of everyday health care.
What is skin cancer?
Skin cancer refers to several types of cancers that affect the cells of the skin.
The most common skin cancers seen in general practice are:
- Basal Cell Carcinomas (BCCs)
- Squamous Cell Carcinomas (SCCs)
These cancers affect the basal and squamous cells of the skin and are generally less dangerous when detected early.
Melanoma is a rarer but far more serious form of skin cancer. It affects melanocyte cells and can spread throughout the body relatively quickly, which is why early detection through skin checks is so important.
What causes skin cancer?
There are many risk factors for skin cancer, but most cases are linked to UV exposure combined with non-modifiable factors such as genetics and family history.
UV exposure most commonly comes from sunlight, especially for people who:
- Work outdoors
- Play outdoor sports regularly
- Spend extended time in the sun without protection
Taking sun protection measures, such as wearing hats, covering up and using sunscreen, can significantly reduce risk.
Another important UV risk factor is current or past solarium use.
Other risk factors relate to your individual skin type and genetics, including:
- Ethnic background
- Hair and eye colour
- Number of moles
- Personal or family history of skin cancer
A rarer but significant risk factor is immunosuppression, including certain medications, particularly those used by organ transplant recipients.
Is there a safe or healthy tan?
There is no such thing as a safe or healthy tan.
Tanning occurs as a response to UV damage. When the skin is exposed to harmful UV radiation, melanocyte cells produce melanin to help protect against further damage. This means a tan always indicates some level of skin damage.
How can I protect my skin during summer?
The best way to reduce your risk of skin cancer is to actively protect your skin whenever the UV index is 3 or above. The UV index can be found via the SunSmart Global UV app and the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) website.
A simple guide to sun protection is:
- Slip on protective clothing – If you can’t see through the fabric when held up to the sun, it’s providing protection.
- Slop on sunscreen – Use at least SPF 30+, preferably SPF 50+. About 7 teaspoons (35 mL) is needed for full body coverage for an average adult.
- Slap on a wide-brimmed hat
- Seek shade where possible
- Slide on UV-protective sunglasses
What skin changes should I look out for?
You should monitor your skin for any spots that:
- Look different from others
- Are growing or changing
- Have multiple colours
- Bleed, don’t heal, or become painful
If you notice a spot you’re concerned about, it’s important to have it checked by a healthcare professional.
How often should I get a skin check?
Most people considered at risk should have a yearly professional skin check. This includes many people with Caucasian or Mediterranean skin types, particularly those born in Australia with additional risk factors.
If you’re unsure whether you need regular skin checks, speak with your healthcare professional.
Some people may require more frequent skin checks, including those with:
- Multiple previous skin cancers
- A strong personal or family history of melanoma
- Certain immunosuppressive medications
Your healthcare professional can advise on the right screening schedule for you.
At Eastbound Clinic the consulting GPs available to provide skin check appointments include:
- Dr Aaron Rhodes
- Dr Bejoy Machumpurath
- Dr Cerys Jones
- Dr Owen Latimer
